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The effects of temperatures and salinities on germination of two halophytes, Kalidium capsicum and Suaeda physophora in northwestern China, were tested, and their seed size and seed production were compared. It was found that seed of Suaeda physophora germinate under 10℃, even about 0℃, and at a wide temperature range of 10―30℃. It showed about 50% germination in the concentration up to 0.7 mol/L NaCl; optimum germination temperature of Kalidium capsicum was between 20℃ and 30℃. The concentration of less than 0.3 mol/L NaCl inhibited absolutely its germination. Germination recovery was observed when salinities were reduced and total germination percentage exceeded 90%. Seeds of Kalidium capsicum showed no loss of viability while Suaeda physophora an annual loss of viability of 75% at room temperature. Mean weight of seeds of Suaeda physophora was about 8.5 times of Kalidium capsicum, whereas the number of seeds of the latter was more than 20 times of the former. Suaeda physophora was observed to be dependent on periodic precipitation in germination and seedling growth. It suggests the evident trace of the species with zonation pattern. On the other hand, the germination of Kalidium capsicum was affected by unpredictable rain and inundation. This species might be a type without zonation patterns in halophytes. It was concluded that both species are halophytes, but they are established successfully by different adaptation strategies in the early stage of life history. 相似文献
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主要调查环渤海湿地的盐地碱蓬对碳、氮、磷的吸收通量。调查表明,环渤海湿地的盐地碱蓬面积为7 397 hm2。2009年7月、10月和11月盐地碱蓬总生物量(干重)分别为2.104×104t、2.615×104t和1.523×104t。7月、10月和11月,盐地碱蓬对碳的吸收通量分别为6 577 t、8 538 t和5 713 t;对氮的吸收通量分别为201.2 t、278.6 t、177.7 t;对磷的吸收通量分别为17.00 t、32.40 t、16.60 t;盐地碱蓬对碳、氮、磷的最大吸收通量均为10月。 相似文献
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以新疆克拉玛依农业综合开发区新垦重盐渍土为研究对象,在滴灌条件下开展了盐生植物盐角草(Salicornia europaea)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和裸地（对照）处理的试验,通过测定植物地上生物量及植株和土壤中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl- 和 SO2-4含量及土壤总盐含量,评估种植盐生植物对重盐渍土盐分的影响。结果表明:灌溉条件下,盐角草和盐地碱蓬地上生物量分别为11 044.37 kg·hm-2和19 119.26 kg·hm-2,刈割后地上部分灰分盐分别为4 709.98 kg·hm-2和5 184.96 kg·hm-2;与种植期前相比,种植期后盐角草、盐地碱蓬和对照处理0～30 cm土层总盐分别下降了55.62%、32.98%和20.79%,盐角草和盐地碱蓬处理下降幅度均高于对照,30～60 cm土层盐角草和盐地碱蓬处理土壤总盐分别下降了21.82%和29.16%,而对照却上升了18.31%;盐角草和盐地碱蓬均对Na+、Cl-和SO2-4具有较强的摄取能力,尤其是对Cl-表现出更强的选择吸收倾向;盐角草和盐地碱蓬SO2-4含量基本相当,但盐角草Na+和Cl-含量分别是盐地碱蓬的2.33倍和2.22倍,盐角草对于Na+和Cl-的强积聚特征使其更适于对氯化物盐渍土的改良。在盐渍荒漠新垦地种植盐生植物,土壤脱盐效果明显。 相似文献
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为了研究滩涂湿地植物枯落物分解状况与温度的响应关系,基于系统动力学的原理,采用STELLA软件构建了盐地碱蓬(Suaedasalsa)种群生长与分解模型,对比了盐地碱蓬生物量与枯落物生物量的年变化过程,并解析了不同温度(原始温度、升温2.5℃、5℃)与植物枯落物分解状况的关系。模型结果表明,盐地碱蓬生物量与枯落物生物量年变化过程有显著差异,地上和地下生物量年变化过程为快速增长-稳定不变-快速减少,地上、地下枯落物生物量年变化过程为下降-急速上升-下降;温度升高会导致枯落物生物量增加和分解量降低,从而增加枯落物有机质量,使碳释放量减少。本研究揭示了在全球变暖的大环境下,滨海湿地植物枯落物分解变化情况,有助于深入了解滨海湿地植被在碳源汇过程中的作用。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲石油污染对湿地芦苇和碱蓬幼苗生长影响的模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄河三角洲湿地是中国最具代表性的滨海湿地之一,也是中国第二大油田——胜利油田的产油区,石油污染已成为本区湿地生态系统退化的重要因子。在温室条件下模拟研究了该区滨海湿地土壤中2种不同浓度(0.5%、2.0%)石油污染对黄河三角洲地区典型物种芦苇(Phragmites australis)和盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着石油浓度的增高,芦苇和盐地碱蓬株高的受抑制程度不断增强,随着时间的推移,石油污染对芦苇分蘖的抑制作用减弱,而对盐地碱蓬幼苗的分枝数抑制作用加大。随石油浓度的增加,盐地碱蓬幼苗叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量先升高后降低,丙二醛含量和过氧化物酶活力先降低后升高,过氧化氢酶活力显著降低;芦苇幼苗则对石油污染表现出相对较强的耐受性。不同石油污染条件下芦苇幼苗叶片叶绿素含量表现出先下降后升高的变化趋势。从整体上来看,石油烃类污染对盐地碱蓬幼苗的抑制作用要高于芦苇幼苗,也说明在处理石油烃类污染物中芦苇比碱蓬更具有优势。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲新生湿地不同生境下翅碱蓬锰和锌含量的季节变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
锰和锌元素是植物生长所必须的微量元素,对植物的光合作用和氮的代谢起到重要的影响;锌元素还与植物生长素——吲哚乙酸的合成息息相关,锰元素则能够调节植物体内氧化还原状况,是盐生植物适应环境不可缺少的元素。于2008年5～11月,在黄河三角洲新生湿地不同生境下,对翅碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)的锰和锌含量与累积的季节变化特征进行了研究。结果表明,中潮滩翅碱蓬和低潮滩翅碱蓬的锰和锌含量分布存在明显差异,中潮滩翅碱蓬不同器官的锌含量都大于低潮滩翅碱蓬,而低潮滩翅碱蓬除了根的锰含量小于中潮滩翅碱蓬外,其他器官的锰含量都大于中潮滩翅碱蓬;二者不同器官的锰和锌含量都具有明显季节变化,其变化模式虽存在一定差异,但整体上都表现为生长初期锰和锌含量较低,之后波动增加;二者枯落物的锰含量变化较为一致,但锌含量差异显著(p<0.05);尽管中潮滩翅碱蓬与低潮滩翅碱蓬不同部位的锰和锌含量间的相关性都未达到显著水平,但不同表现型植被间差异较大,原因可能与其生理生态结构以及对锰和锌元素吸收与利用程度的差异有关。中潮滩翅碱蓬、低潮滩翅碱蓬不同部位的锰和锌储量亦具有明显季节变化,且其变化模式大多符合Gauss曲线;在翅碱蓬生长阶段,根为中潮滩翅碱蓬锰和锌元素的主要储库,其含量分别为(26.23±5.43)%和(2.84±1.06)%;根也为低潮滩翅碱蓬锌元素的主要储库,其含量为(19.58±10.95)%;而茎为低潮滩翅碱蓬锰元素的主要储库,其含量为(42.09±4.08)%。二者枯落物中锰和锌储量,特别是锌储量,所占比例很高,这可能与翅碱蓬生长末期,其地上不同器官中残存的大量锰和锌元素,在其死亡前因移动性较差而无法大量转移有关。研究发现,中潮滩翅碱蓬、低潮滩翅碱蓬不同部位锰和锌含量和储量的变化及差异主要与其生态学特性、不同器官营养功能以及所处生境的水盐状况有关。 相似文献
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Xiaoli Liu Linbao Zhang Liping You Huifeng Wu Jianmin Zhao Ming Cong Fei Li Qing Wang Lianzhen Li Chenghua Li Guangxuan Han Guangmei Wang Chuanhai Xia Junbao Yu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(8):720-727
Plant metabolomics has been well established and applied across multiple fields including medicine, biotechnology, and environmental sciences in the post‐genomic era. The Chenopodiaceae C3 halophyte Suaeda salsa is the most important plant species in the vegetation of saline soil and even intertidal zone in the Yellow River Delta, which is economically consumed as food, widely used as a bioindicator of environmental stresses (salinity, drought, and pollution) and typically applied for the phyto‐remediation of degraded wetland. However, no global studies have been focused on the metabolic profile of this halophyte which is widely applied in environment related research areas. In metabolomics, the first crucial step is the preparation of plant samples. In this work, several strategies of metabolite extraction from this C3 halophytes S. salsa were evaluated and the metabolic profile was characterized by NMR‐based metabolomics. Multiple replicates of plant tissues (approx. 250 mg whole fresh weight of leaves and stems) were homogenized by a high throughput automated Precellys 24 bead‐based homogenizer and then extracted using the following solvent systems of varying polarities: methanol, water, methanol/water, methanol/chloroform/water, and acetonitrile. The hydrophilic metabolites were analyzed using one‐dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy, and the subsequent NMR spectra were evaluated by principal components analysis (PCA). Each extraction protocol revealed unique metabolic profile from S. salsa. Overall, the quality of each extraction protocol was assessed based on the yield, reproducibility, ease, and speed, and we concluded that the solvent of methanol/water was preferable for the metabolite extraction due to its highest reproducibility, ease, and speed, and considerably high yield. Validation of methanol/water (1:1) solvent also showed a high degree of reproducibility with technical variation being considerably lower than biological variation in S. salsa samples. This demonstrated the quality and robustness of the methanol/water extraction method for NMR‐based metabolomics studies. 相似文献
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为了研究低磷条件对盘锦滨海湿地优势物种翅碱蓬的影响,本文探究了不同无机磷酸盐浓度处理下翅碱蓬生理指标、光合色素、丙二醛(MDA)及不同组织脂肪酸含量的变化。结果表明,翅碱蓬株高、茎长、茎粗、叶片数量、株重均与施磷浓度呈显著正相关,MDA含量与施磷浓度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量先降低后升高。低磷条件会影响翅碱蓬根部脂肪酸C18:2n6与C16:0的相互转化;叶片中多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量降低,中长链脂肪酸相对含量升高,茎中脂肪酸则无明显变化。本文分析翅碱蓬植被退化与磷含量的关系为盘锦辽河口湿地修复治理及翅碱蓬保护提供依据。 相似文献
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应用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对翅碱蓬-根际沉积物系统常见重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd)总量和不同化学形态含量进行了季节跟踪测定。结果表明,系统中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd环境化学行为呈现显著季节变化。从化学形态上看,根际沉积物中Cu和Pb在生理周期内均以残渣态为主,有机结合态在夏季和秋季达较高值。Zn在生理周期内均以交换态为主且随季节变化明显,碳酸结合态和铁锰结合态随季节变化不明显。Cd以残渣态为主,交换态在春季达最高。从总量上看,根际沉积物中的Cu、Zn、Pb的总量在夏季和秋季具有较高值。从系统迁移情况看,植物对Cu和Pb吸收量均为冬季春季秋季夏季,且大部分限制于地下;其体内分布除秋季Pb为根叶茎外,其它时期均为根茎叶。Zn吸收量为秋季夏季冬季春季,且绝大部分被吸收至地上。Zn吸收和分布取决于根际沉积物生物有效含量;总之,春季植物体重金属向根际沉积物迁移。夏季和秋季,Cu、Pb和Cd由根际沉积物向植物体迁移变化并不明显,而Zn正好相反。4种元素在冬季均为根际沉积物向植物体内迁移。 相似文献